Site Fidelity of the Evening Grosbeak on an Adirondack Breeding Ground
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The return rates of Evening Grosbeaks (Coccothraustes vespertina) banded at an Adirondack Mountain breeding area in New York state over a 30-year period, 1970-1999, were determined.Adult male return rates were 7.9-9.2percent, females 6.1-7.7 percent; while none of 44 •mmatures returned.During two consecutive years of increased abundance in 1989 and 1990, the return rates rose to as high as 15.2 percent in males and 16.7 percent in females.The sampled adult population was made up of mostly aftersecond-year birds (86.5 percent of the males and 90.4 percent of the females), and males exceeded females (54.6 percent male among breeding adults, 56.8 percent among immatures, and 63.2 percent among return captures).The oldest breeding Evening Grosbeaks encountered were an eight-year-old male and a female nearly 11 years old.a resident of western North America.In Canada the species extended its range eastward as a breeding bird by 1920 in Ontario, and by 1966 it was breeding as far east as Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia (Godfrey 1966).In New York state prior to the 1890s the Evening Grosbeak was considered to be a vagrant from the West (Bull 1974), first reported in winter 1875 in Essex County (Coues 1879).Its first summer occurrence in the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York was documented in 1942 in Essex and 'St.Lawrence counties; breeding was documented on 3 August 1946 at Bay Pond, Franklin County (Beehler 1978, Peterson 1988), and in 1947 at Saranac Lake (Bull 1974, Shaub 1954).In 1953, breeding was reported at 11 new areas, with four Jan.-Mar.2001 more in 1962 outside of the Adirondack Mountains, and at 50 sites statewide by 1971 (Bull 1974).Details on the species' 1940s and 1950s summer appearances in the Adirondacks are given by Shaub and Shaub (1953) and' Shaub (1954).This 1940s-1950s range expansion of the Evening Grosbeak into the northeastern United States and Canada received considerable attention from banders who documented regional sight records and banding results (e.g.Parks 1952; Mason and
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".