Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Danish brewer Carlsberg has been a large beer manufacturer the last years and is now estimated to\nbe the 4th largest in the world. The last years have been very active as Carlsberg in 2008 bought the\nBritish brewer Scottish and Newcastle which has put them in a thigh economic situation where future\ninvestments are limited.\nThe last years have been very good for Carlsberg especially onthe Russian market, where they are seen\nas the main brewery. The conflict in Ukraine which has divided Russia against the western world, (US,\nUK, Denmark etc.), are likely to give Carlsberg a lot of challenges in the future where boycotts of\nwestern products are very likely to happen. This would result in a massive loss of income from Carlsberg\nas the Russian market stands for a large share of the revenue.\nAt the moment Russia is Carlsberg’s main export market which only enhances the impact a boycott\nwould cause.\nAt the moment the Carlsberg organization is very keen on finding new ways to brew and to save energy.\nFor the time being Carlsberg has three different research centers which each have its own unique\nresearch area. The focus on research and development is in the spirit of the founder JC, who spent most\nof his time in the laboratory trying to come up with new ways to produce beers.\nOne of the latest investments from Carlsberg was the release of the brand Seth and Riley’s Garage which\nis a hard lemon drink. The brand was released on the Danish, Canadian and the Russian market in the\nbeginning of 2014 and received a lot of possible response. The markets where Carlsberg have launched\nthe product are markets in growth on this specific product. The Americans have had a market for this\nkind of product for a long time and it seems that the rest of the world is starting to take notice of this.\nThe Somersby brand, which Carlsberg launched on the Danish market in 2008 and in 2013 on the British\nmarket, has experience a significant growth in the first years with around 85% increase in revenue per\nyear. Carlsberg is therefore more than keen to expand the markets where the Somersby brand is\nrepresented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.092 | 0.035 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".