Transmission and Transport of Energy in the Western U.S. and Canada: A Law and Policy Road Map
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This collection of essays arose from presentations made by participants at the inaugural meeting of the Idaho Symposium on Energy in the West held at the Sun Valley Lodge in Ketchum, Idaho, on November 13 th and 14 th , 2014.The topic chosen for this first Symposium was Transmission and Transport of Energy in the Western U.S. and Canada: A Law and Policy Road Map.The topic was purposefully large in scope, engaging as many energy sectors and as much of the western U.S. and Canada as possible.The proceedings of this meeting, in turn, will inform future meetings of the Symposium series that will focus on more defined, particularized aspects of western energy production and use.The Symposium began with two panels that explored energy infrastructural choices that the western U.S. and Canada currently face.Sam Kalen, University of Wyoming College of Law, spoke on law's role in embedding choices in the energy landscape, as well as the nature of a resilient legal architecture necessary to facilitate today's lowcarbon preferences.Tara Righetti, also of the University of Wyoming College of Law, then discussed flaring rules related to natural gas exploration in the west.She also discussed how those changes may influence the expansion of natural gas transportation and storage infrastructures in the west.K.K. Duvivier, Sturm College of Law, University of Denver, discussed several problems related to the distribution of wind resources and proposed several solutions.Troy Rule, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University, offered thoughts on utilities and the market for rooftop solar generation.Don Howell, chief legal counsel for the Idaho Public Utilities Commission, discussed one state's complications in integrating renewables into its energy portfolio.The Symposium then turned to a discussion of the potential impacts of the Clean Air Act section 111(d) Clean Power Plan, which was led by Melissa Powers, Lewis and Clark Law School.Issues raised in Prof. Powers' session were continued in the Symposium's afternoon sessions, which were dedicated to western regional energy planning.Three attorneys from the Green Energy Institute at the Lewis and Clark Law School presented on a variety of energy planning issues.Nick Lawton discussed promoting renewable energy development on public lands; Amelia Schlusser discussed the Clean Power Plan's implications for the western grid; and Nate Larsen discussed how utility reforms in Hawaii and New York could ultimately have implications on the Northwest's electricity industry.The theme of western regional energy planning was continued into the Symposium's last panel.John Fazio, a senior power systems analyst for the Northwest Power and Conservation Council, discussed the Council's current progress on the Seventh Northwest Conservation and Electric Power Plan.David Solan, Boise State University, discussed the creation of energy imbalance markets across the western United States.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".