In vitro detection of apoptosis using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and molecular magnetic resonance imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have the potential to greatly expand current anatomical imaging techniques, specifically MRI. SPIO nanoparticles targeted to phosphatidylserine (PS) have the potential to detect cell death in vitro . In this investigation, a method for detecting apoptosis was developed using annexin V for targeting SPIO nanoparticles to PS thus enabling us to detect different levels of cell death using a clinical MRI. The results demonstrated that the presence of MACS MicroBeads (annexin V-SPIO) leads to an increase in image contrast in the regions of large numbers of apoptotic cells ... Results show poor agreement with theoretical predictions but still offer potential improvement over previous efforts using SPECT imaging. The work presented here has implications for future studies of cancer treatment response and may one day help detect and quantify the levels of apoptosis in order to modify treatment according to specific patient needs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".