Biogeography, ecology and conservation of Erebia oeme (Hübner) in the Carpathians (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The European endemic Erebia oeme (Hübner [1804]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) is discovered in the Carpathian Chain, from where it was considered to be absent.The single population found is situated in the southern part of the Romanian Carpathians (Retezat Mountains), where it fl ies sympatrically and synchronically with Erebia medusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller] 1775).The similar external morphology of these two species probably caused E. oeme to be overlooked in the Carpathians, leading to an unexpected information gap in the otherwise thoroughly studied European continent.The morphology of the Romanian specimens is compared to populations from the rest of the species' range and to E. medusa.In addition, we tested DNA barcoding as a method to discriminate between these species and confi rmed that it represents an effective identifi cation tool for the taxa involved.The habitat of E. oeme, adults of both sexes and their genitalia are illustrated in comparison with E. medusa.Based on the study of several collections, we show that E. oeme is likely to be extremely local in the Carpathians and provide arguments to consider the species as vulnerable in Romania.Résumé.Biogéographie, écologie et conservation d'Erebia oeme (Hübner) dans les Carpathes (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Satyrinae).L'espèce endémique Européenne, Erebia oeme (Hübner [1804]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), a été découverte dans la Chaîne des Carpates d'où elle était considérée comme absente.La seule population trouvée se situe dans la partie méridionale des Carpates Roumaines (Massif du Retezat), où l'espèce est sympatrique et synchronique avec Erebia medusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller] 1775).La similarité morphologique externe entre ces deux espèces est probablement la raison pour laquelle E. oeme a été méconnu dans les Carpates ce qui a laissé un défi cit d'information inattendu au niveau du continent Européen ayant fait l'objet d'études approfondies.La morphologie des spécimens Roumains est comparée aux populations du reste de l'aire de répartition de cette espèce et avec E. medusa.D'autre part nous avons testé le codage à barres de l'ADN comme méthode pour identifi er ces deux espèces et avons confi rmé que ceci est en effet un outil effi cace d'identifi cation pour les taxons concernés.L'habitat d' E. oeme, les adultes des deux sexes et leurs organes génitaux sont illustrés en comparaison à E. medusa.Basé sur l'étude de différentes collections, nous démontrons que E. oeme est probablement très local dans les Carpates et nous apportons des arguments pour considérer l'espèce comme vulnérable en Roumanie.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".