Canadian Prairie drought: Characteristics of precipitation at the surface and aloft with attendant atmospheric conditions for the summer months of 2001 and 2002
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Droughts can have a deleterious impact on many aspects of the environment and society.Severe drought can evoke catastrophic effects, degrading the success of numerous socioeconomic activities including agriculture and agri-food, hydro-electric power generation, and water resource management.The period from 2001 to 2002 was one such drought, which caused unprecedented loss on the Western Canadian Prairies, and had an economic impact felt on the national scale.In this study, the recent drought was characterized with respect to precipitation on a small scale at three sites: Calgary, Edmonton and Saskatoon.Climatologically, precipitation events of low daily accumulation (≤10 mm day -1 ), called "light events", were found to be an important moisture source, accounting for a majority of the total accumulation at all three locations.During the recent drought, these low daily-accumulation events continued to occur, and in fact, contributed a higher proportion to the total precipitation amount due to the lack of heavy precipitation events.Using archived radar data, precipitation events were classified into three cases: convective, stratiform, and virga.The composite dynamic forcings for these three types of events were found to be distinct.Additionally, on a small scale, the surface wind analysis for cases of precipitation and of virga showed distinctions in wind direction, and a relation to topography was evident, especially at the Alberta locations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".