Cyclooxygenase and CD147 expression in human and feline oral squamous cell carcinoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many investigators have provided evidence supporting the role of chronic inflammation in the development and progression of many types of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OSCC is a highly invasive and aggressive malignancy that occurs in humans and in animals. OSCC is the sixth most common cancer in people, with an estimated 4600 new cases in Canada in 2016, and 1250 deaths. One of the ways that inflammation can contribute to cancer progression is by promoting tumour cell invasiveness. Human OSCC has been found to have increased expression of CD147. It is a known mediator of invasive behavior that has been suggested as a possible target for cancer therapy. Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) are important mediators of inflammation that are up regulated in OSCC and other cancers. A relationship between inflammation and CD147 in cancer was recently proposed in hypopharyngeal human carcinoma. Similar to the situation in humans, OSCC is the most common tumour in the oral cavity of cats and is very aggressive with an average survival of only 2-4 months. Studies have shown that COX-2 is expressed in feline OSCC and COX inhibitors are used as part of OSCC treatment in cats. Studying feline OSCC provides an opportunity to learn about core mechanisms of this disease shared between species, possibly revealing treatment strategies that may help patients. Cats provide an excellent opportunity for studying OSCC as they are an outbred, diverse animal population that suffers from aggressive disease and quick disease progression. The objective of this project was to determine if there is a positive relationship between the cyclooxygenase pathway of inflammation and CD147 expression in feline and human OSCC. Evaluation of immunohistochemistry results showed that a subset of human and feline OSCC patients express COX-2 and CD147. This finding was confirmed in three human and three feline OSCC cell lines using RT-qPCR, which showed varying expression of COX-1, COX-2 and CD147. Additionally, the human and feline OSCC cell lines secreted PGE2 into culture medium. A significant relationship between COX-2 and CD147 expression was not revealed in either species, but it was found that COX-1 may be a source of tumour derived PGE2 and may serve as a therapeutic target for some human and feline patients. Additionally, this is the first report of CD147 expression in a feline malignancy. The role of CD147 in feline tumour progression warrants further study, and pet cats with OSCC may present an opportunity to evaluate future CD147-targeted therapies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".