A diposity and physical activity among children in countries at different stages of the physical activity transition: Canada, Mexico and Kenya
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a risk factor for childhood overweight and obesity, and is associated with habitual lifestyle behaviours that are in rapid transition in many countries. Data comparing the weight status and physical activity among children in countries at different stages of the physical activity transition are lacking. The objective of this study was to compare the weight status and physical activity levels among children in Canada, Mexico and Kenya as a model to assess the physical activity transition. School children (aged 9-13 years) from Canada (n=736), Mexico (n=193) and Kenya (n=179) participated in this study. Body mass index (BMI) was used to determine weight status (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity). Activity monitors were used to measure daily step counts. Findings showed that 25.6% of Canadian children were overweight or obese, compared to 35.7% and 5.6% of Mexican and Kenyan children, respectively. Results indicated that 41.2% of the Kenyan children were underweight compared to 10.9% and 6.4% of Mexican and Canadian children, respectively. Mexican and Kenyan children were more physically active than Canadian children, accumulating an average of 15,757±5565, 15,605±5963 and 10,730±3969 steps per day, respectively. This inter-country comparison shows that childhood overweight and obesity levels are lowest and physical activity levels are high in Kenya, a country at an early stage of the physical activity transition. Further research using more representative samples is recommended. \nKeywords: Body composition, physical activity, children, transition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".