An experimental study of vibrations in the gerbil middle ear under static pressure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Mongolian gerbil has become widely used in middle-ear research, because it is low in cost and its middle-ear structures are relatively accessible. This study presents the effects of static pressurization on the vibration response of the gerbil eardrum. A single-point laser Doppler vibrometer is used to acquire frequency responses in eight post mortem gerbil ears. Magnitudes of vibration are normalized with respect to sound pressure level measured near the eardrum and are presented over the range of 0.2 to 10 or 11Â kHz. In each gerbil, measurements on the manubrium and on the pars tensa are presented using one of two pressurization protocols. For the unpressurized measurements the inter-specimen variability was small and measurements were more or less repeatable from cycle to cycle. Pressurized responses exhibited magnitude reductions at lower frequencies, then rose to a peak and exhibited sharp features at higher frequencies. As pressure increased, magnitudes decreased and the peak was shifted to higher frequencies. The eardrum break-up frequency was shifted beyond the frequency range of our measurements. On the manubrium we did not observe any viscoelastic or temporal changes. On the pars tensa, changes were observed from cycle to cycle but the reasons are not clear. Our results are compared with previous data in the literature. Understanding the vibration response of the eardrum to pressurization, as well as the roles of viscoelastic and temporal effects, will lead to a better understanding of clinical tympanometry, which is particularly important in infants where the response to tympanometry is not well understood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".