Electroviscous particle-wall interactions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A theoretical analysis is presented to determine the forces of interaction between an electrically charged cylindrical or spherical particle and a charged plane boundary wall when the particle translates parallel to the wall and rotates around its axis in a symmetric electrolyte at rest. The electroviscous effects, arising from the coupling between the electrical and hydrodynamic equations, are determined as a solution of three partial differential equations, derived from Cox's general theory, for electroviscous ion concentration, electroviscous potential and electroviscous flow field. It is a priori assumed that the double layer thickness surrounding each charged surfaces is much smaller than the length scale of the problem. Using the matched asymptotic expansion technique, the electroviscous forces experienced by the cylinder and by the sphere are explicitly determined analytically for low and intermediate Peclet numbers, but small particle-wall distances. The solution for the sphere-wall interactions is extended to arbitrary particle-wall distances analytically for the tangential component of the force and numerically for the normal component of the force by the use of a bipolar coordinate system. The tangential and normal components of the electroviscous force experienced by the sphere-wall interactions for both arbitrary particle-wall distances and arbitrary Peclet numbers are also determined numerically by the use of the finite difference approximation in the bipolar coordinate system. It is found that the tangential force usually increases the drag above the purely hydrodynamic drag, although for certain conditions the drag can be reduced. Similarly the normal force is usually repulsive, i.e. it is an electrokinetic lift force, but under certain conditions the normal force can be attractive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".