EXPERIENCING ‘HOME’ IN THE CITY, UNIVERSITY, AND DWELLING: EVERYDAY GEOGRAPHIES OF INDIAN STUDENTS IN LONDON AND TORONTO.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This Thesis explores aspects of disease pathogenesis in Crohn’s disease (CD)\nand ulcerative colitis (UC), investigates mechanisms of responsiveness to\nbiologic treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and describes the clinical\nand immunologic phenotype associated with a homozygous deletion in a\ndisintegrin and a metalloproteinase (ADAM)17 gene.\nThe role of interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17E and IL-13 in human intestinal\ninflammation is not clear. IL-13 plays an important role in experimental colitis and\nin intestinal experimental fibrosis. However, contrasting observations exist on the\nlevels and the role of IL-13 in inflamed IBD mucosa, and limited information is\navailable on the role of IL-13 in CD intestinal fibrosis. We observed that IL-13 is\nnot up-regulated in UC intestinal mucosa, and that it is unlikely to play a\nfunctional role in the mucosal pro-inflammatory response in the majority of\npatients with UC. Conversely, IL-17A is up-regulated in fibrostenosing CD\nintestine, and may contribute to intestinal fibrosis in CD. Our results indicate that\nIL-17E and IL-13 are not up-regulated in CD intestinal strictures, and are unlikely\nto play a role in intestinal fibrosis in CD.\nA considerable proportion of IBD patients do not respond to anti-tumour necrosis\nfactor (TNF)- agents. Anti-TNF- agents exert their action in inflamed tissues,\nrich in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-12, which in turn can\ndegrade immunoglobulin (Ig)G1. We observed that MMP-3, MMP-12, and protein\nextracts from inflamed IBD mucosa, but not MMP-9, degrade the anti-TNF-\nagents infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept, however etanercept shows a\nhigher susceptibility than infliximab and adalimumab. We also observed that a\nsubgroup of IBD patients who did not respond to anti-TNF- agents have\nparticularly high serum levels of MMP-3-/MMP-12-cleaved endogenous IgG and\nanti-hinge autoantibodies compared to IBD patients who subsequently\nresponded to biologic therapy.\n8\nFinally, we observed that homozygous deletion in ADAM17 in humans is\nassociated with a complex, neonatal-onset, multi-organ syndrome affecting\nmainly the skin, the intestine, and the cardiovascular system. In this condition,\nADAM17 expression is down-regulated in the skin and in the duodenum, and\nsoluble TNF- release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is\nsubstantially impaired.\nThese results underline the heterogeneity characterising chronic intestinal\ninflammation, and may form the basis for subsequent studies with the aim to\nidentify accurate serum biomarkers of disease progression and responsiveness\nto biologic therapy, and ultimately to develop effective strategies of patient\nstratification in IBD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".