Factors affecting the community ecology of predacious diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in boreal and prairie ponds across southern Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bottle-traps and volume-sampling were effective techniques for collecting dytiscids. A total of 17 060 dytiscids were collected in two years among 30 ponds, using both sampling methods. Conclusions about the factors that organize dytiscid communities were similar, based on the results obtained from both methods of sampling. However, bottle-traps collected elusive, rare, or large species effectively whereas volume-sampling was better at collecting small species. Recommendations for the sampling regimes of future studies are provided. A primary objective of this study was to relate and rank the environmental variables of boreal and prairie ponds that influence dytiscid diversity. This objective was accomplished by measuring various environmental variables for each pond including pH, conductivity, chlorophyll a density, pond permanence, pond area, macrophyte density, emergent vegetation density, and presence of fish and tiger salamanders. The environmental profiles of ponds were compared with their respective dytiscid communities. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the affinities of pond communities and species to the respective environmental variables. Environmental variables important for discriminating between boreal and prairie ponds included macrophyte diversity, pH, water conductivity, chlorophyll a density, and pond permanence. Among these variables, macrophyte diversity was considered a particularly good indicator of dytiscid communities...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".