Genomic characterization of wild barley germplasm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) is an important cereal crop grown worldwide for producing malt and is used as animal feed. Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum), the progenitor species of cultivated barley, is a rich source of genetic variation, which can be utilized for the improvement of cultivars. Various molecular markers are available to study genetic variability and diversity in plants. We used two different types of SSR or microsatellite markers- genomic SSRs (gSSR) and expressed sequence tag SSR (EST-SSR) markers, to assess and compare the genetic diversity between the wild and cultivated barley germplasm obtained from PGRC genebank, Saskatoon. A total of 48 genomic (gSSR) and 16 EST-SSRs were applied on 27 wild and 20 cultivated barley accessions. Based on the results, genomic (SSRs) were more informative than EST-SSRs and wild barley possessed more genetic diversity as compared to cultivated barley. Various species specific alleles were found to be higher in number in wild barley. Also, both endogenous and exogenous transposons were explored, so as to develop novel gene capturing tools in wild barley genome. In this, Mu like (MULEs) transposons were found to be endogenously present in certain important domesticated traits and Ac/Ds transposons system was introduced through conventional hybridization procedure into the wild barley germplasm, so as to utilize these mobile elements as functional genomics tools. In addition, transposons based markers were also employed to assess genetic diversity between wild and cultivated barley. All these efforts of molecular characterization of wild barley's genome will aid in the improvement of modern cultivated barley species by ultimately introgressing useful genes from wild barley species into cultivated barley.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".