The impact of events in boosting local economic development: A case study of Port St Johns, South Africa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper scrutinizes the impact of events in boosting local economic development (LED) in Port St Johns (PSJ) situated in the Eastern Cape (EC) Province, South Africa (SA). Globally, events are emerging as a significant and growing sector. Furthermore, over the years, many cultural festivals and major cultural events have grown, their impacts have increasingly come under the scrutiny from funders, policy-makers and planners. Additionally, events are seen as having significant socio-cultural impacts in the communities they are held. For instance, the EC Province has been hosting a number of events lately which have led to the change of the face of the communities they are held. Such events included but not limited to the popular annual Standard Bank National Art Festival (event held in Grahamstown) and the Isingqesethu Wild Coast cultural festival held in PSJ. However, such events do not receive sufficient support from government, more especially local government level. As such, this study is based on the social impacts theory. On the other hand, the study utilised a mixed methodology technique to explore and discuss the role local government could play in community development using events. In this study, qualitative data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews and quantitative data was collected by means of questionnaires. The study found that local people were fully cognizant of events that are taking place in the area of PSJ. This could be attributed to the fact that the PSJ has numerous annual events taking place. However, a concerted effort has to be undertaken by local authorities and other pertinent stakeholders in terms of management of such events. This is to ensure that these events do not have a negative impact in PSJ communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".