<i>Telenomus podisi</i>: one species, or more?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parasitoid wasps are a collection of hymenopterans whose larvae feed on the body of a host, eventually killing it (Godfray 1994).The parasitoid wasp Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Telenominae) parasitizes the eggs of both phytophagous and predaceous pentatomids, including a number of important agricultural pests (e.g., Temerak and Whitcomb 1984, Schaefer and Panizzi 2000).Comparisons of strains from Maryland and Brazil has begun to raise questions as to whether T. podisi is a single species (Borges et al. 2003).This study considers populations of T. podisi throughout the species range to determine if there is evidence to support the hypothesis of T. podisi as more than one species.Cytochrome oxidase I is sequenced for 50 specimens of T. podisi from Saskatchewan, Ohio, Tennessee, Arkansas, Nebraska, Panama, Brazil and the Dominican Republic, along with one specimen each of Telenomus sechellensis Kieffer, Telenomus grenadensis Ashmead, and Trissolcus basalis Wollaston.A number of species delimitation methods are considered, including DNA barcoding with pairwise distances, the General Mixed Yule Coalescent Model (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Process Model (PTP) (Fujisawa and Barraclough 2013, Zhang et al. 2013).DNA barcoding attempts to detect the transition between interspecific and intraspecific variation by a gap in the distribution of genetic distances, and this gap is clear in the histogram of pdistances (Hebert et al., 2004).Mean p-distances between specimens from Ohio and Brazil fall within the rightmost curve in the distribution, suggesting that these populations iii may be separate species.A maximum likelihood tree and the results from GMYC and PTP suggest that the situation may be even more complicated.Both support the hypothesis of T. podisi as more than one species; PTP identifies 16 different species and GMYC 14.While a clade consisting of the majority of specimens from the continental US is identified as one species in both methods (support=0.905 in bPTP), so is a clade of two Ohio specimens (0.927), a clade consisting of two Ohio specimens and one from Texas (0.859) and a clade of 2-4 specimens from Texas, delimited differently depending on the method (0.247).Other potential species identified corresponded with geographic region, including a clade from Panama (0.944), a clade formed by two individuals from Brazil (0.801), and one by the two specimens from the Dominican Republic (0.898).A number of amino acid changes unique to these clades are identified, including a number of changes that distinguish the specimens from Ohio and Texas that are not included in the continental US clade.Results from pairwise distance data, GMYC, PTP and analysis of fixed sites all suggest that Telenomus podisi may include more than one species.Increased sampling, introduction of multiple loci, and further study of morphological differences within the group is necessary.iv Dedication To my husband, my family,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".