Modeling the effect of elasticity in motile cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cells of living organisms interact in a variety of ways such as through biochemical and mechanical cues.Cancer metastasis, wound healing and embryonic development are all examples of multi-cellular processes whereby collective behavior of cells is understood to emerge, in part, due to the physical interactions between individual cells.The experimental study of such interactions, both in vivo and in vitro are invaluable.Nonetheless, it is often not possible to independently vary specific physical properties of cells without altering other aspects of their behavior.In this thesis we develop two methods to numerically simulate interacting elastic motile 2D cells that explicitly track each individual cell.Both methods allow for large deforma- AbrégéLes cellules des organismes vivants interagissent de différentes manières, notamment par le biais de signaux biochimiques et mécaniques.Les métastases du cancer, la cicatrisation des plaies et le développement embryonnaire sont tous des exemples de processus multicellulaires desquels le comportement collectif de cellules émerge, en partie grâce aux interactions physiques entre cellules individuelles.L'étude expérimentale de telles interactions in vivo et in vitro est inestimable.Néanmoins, il n'est souvent pas possible de faire varier indépendamment des propriétés physiques spécifiques des cellules sans modifier d'autres aspects de leur comportement.Dans la présente thèse, nous développons deux méthodes pour simuler numériquement les interactions de cellules 2D motiles élastiques à partir du comportement de chaque cellule individuelle.Les deux méthodes permettent des déformations importantes dont nous montrons qu'elles sont nécessaires pour reproduire le comportement observé.La première approche est un modèle de champ de phase qui a depuis gagné en popularité malgré que les simulations à grande échelle soient coûteuses sur le plan des ressources informatiques en raison de la grande quantité de calculs qu'elles nécessitent.La deuxième méthode correspond à la limite d'interface nette de la précédente et offre un gain d'un facteur 200 en vitesse de calcul.Cela nous permet de caractériser complètement le comportement des cellules à travers différents paramètres et scénarios.Dans le contexte du cancer, nous démontrons qu'une cellule molle entourée de cellules plus rigides donne lieu à de rares «rafales» de vitesse où le comportement collectif incite la cellule à passer d'un état déformé à un état plus détendu avec une vitesse élevée.Ce iii I would first and foremost like to acknowledge my thesis supervisor, Prof. Martin Grant.None of this work would be possible without his direction, expertise, advise, patience, imperturbable nature, and humor.He gave me the opportunity to explore problems that interested me, and though he held demanding roles as Dean of Science and Department Chair, he always found time to discuss our work and provide me with timely feedback.His guidance not only enabled me to accomplish this work, but more importantly to grow as a scientist, and as a person.I also wish to give thanks to Benoit Palmieri, for starting the project that forms the foundation of this thesis.I also thank him for his continued help, insight, suggestions and corrections, even after moving on from McGill.My research was made possible through support from the Department of Physics at McGill, The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Fonds québécois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies.Computer simulations were made possible thanks to the infrastructure and support from CLUMEQ and Compute Canada.Special thanks to Juan Gallego for always going above and beyond to resolve any IT
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".