North American Natural Gas Vision
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This report, the North American Natural Gas Vision, is a deliverable for the North American Energy Working Group (NAEWG) and was produced by the NAEWG Natural Gas Experts Group. The NAEWG Natural Gas Trade and Interconnections' Experts Group was established in December 2001 by Canada, Mexico and the U.S., at the second meeting of the North American Energy Working Group. The scope of the Experts Group includes the full range of issues related to natural gas development, production, transportation and transmission, distribution and consumption in North America. This report is unique because it presents the views of the three governments, working in close cooperation, on the gas market now and in the future. Further, this report recognizes private sector views. In preparing this report, the NAEWG Gas Experts Group held a workshop in December 2003 to gain views on issues related to the future of the North American gas market. The report examines the increasingly important role that natural gas has played over time in the energy sectors of three countries. The report presents the restructuring and regulatory changes in all three countries that have accompanied the increase in natural gas demand and have had impacts on infrastructure development. The report details the amount of trade among the three countries. Trade in natural gas is highly developed and functions extremely efficiently in the North American market. The report looks at how provisions of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), along with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) govern energy trade in North America. Both the FTA and NAFTA resulted in some important changes in the rules governing energy trade. The report builds on the idea, recognized by the three governments, that growth in natural gas use has been fueled by three key factors: sustainable energy policies, technological advancement and private sector investment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.104 | 0.045 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".