MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W7042371732

Özel emeklilik fonları ve Türkiye uygulamaları

2002· other· tr· W7042371732 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueMarmara University Open Access System · 2002
Typeother
Languagetr
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicFinancial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSocial securitySocial analysisSocial assistance
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Kuşaklararası dayanışmaya dayanan sosyal güvenlik sistemi, toplumun yapısında meydana gelen demografik değişimler, aktüeryal dengelerin bozulması ile dünyada ve ülkemizde emeklilik fonlarının aktif pasif oranları arasındaki dengenin bozulmasına sebep olmuştur. Aktif pasif oranlarındaki dengesizlik ülke ekonomilerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda, özel emeklilik fonları modelleri, uygulandıkları ülkelerde başarı sağlamışlardır. Bu çalışmada Polonya, İngiltere, A.B.D., Kanada, Şili, Meksika, Arjantin, Japonya ve Avustralya'da bulunan kamu sosyal güvenlik sistemleri ile özel emeklilik planları örnek olarak incelenmiştir. Türkiye'de bulunan sosyal güvenlik kurumları diğer ülkelerde olduğu gibi dağıtım modeli esasına göre çalışmaktadır. Ancak bu kurumların gelirleri ve giderleri arasında oluşan farklardan dolayı, devlete olan maliyeti her geçen yıl artmaktadır. \n\nÖzel emeklilik fonu modeli, çalışanın bu modele dahil olması ile brüt ücretinden ödenen primlerin bireysel emeklilik hesaplarına aktarılması ve bu hesaplardaki birikimlerin emeklilik fonlarında yatırımlara yönlendirilmesinden ve kazanımların yine bireysel emeklilik hesaplarına yatırılmasından oluşur. Bu model dağıtım modelinden farklı olarak bireyin kendi tasarruflarının sonucunda emeklilik geliri elde etmesine dayanmaktadır. Dünyada bulunan özel emeklilik planları temelde, belirli fayda ve belirli katkı planları olmak üzere iki şekilde uygulanmaktadır. \n\nResmi Gazete'de 7 Nisan 2001 tarihinde yayımlanan Bireysel Emeklilik Tasarruf ve Yatırım Sistemi Kanunu, oluşturulacak emeklilik fonu şirketlerinin yasal düzenlemelerini içermektedir. Bu yasa ışığında, Türkiye uygulamasında yapılması gerekenler ile iglili bir bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Yapılacak vergi ve emeklilik yaşları düzenlemeleri ile özel emeklilik fonları daha cazip hale gelecek ve ülkemize yatırım kaynağı sağlanacaktır. Ayrıca emeklilik döneminde gelirleri oldukça düşen çalışanlar için ek bir gelir olarak ülkeninin refahını arttıracaktır. \n\nSUMMARY\n\nWith the demographic changes in the society and the breakdown of the actuarial equilibrium, social security systems, relying on solidarity between generations, has caused the retirement funds active-passive ratio balance to breakdown throughout the world and our country. The lack of balance in the active-passive ratio has a negative effect on cuontry economics. As a result of the studies, private retirement fund models have been successful in the cuontries they were applied. In this study, public social security systems and private retirement plans in Poland, England, USA, Canada, Chili, Mexico, Argentina, Japan and Australia have been examined as a sample. The social security institutions in Turkey work on distribution model basis like other countries. However, the cost of these institutions for the goverment have been increasing each year, due to the differences between their income and expenses.\nPrivate pension fund model consists of transfer of the contribution paid over before tax wage to individual retirement accounts by including the employee in this model, direction of the collections in this accounts to the invesment in the pension funds and invesment of the earnings to the individual retirement accounts again. Different than the distribution model, this model relies on the individual, getting retirement income as a result of his/her own saving. The worlwide private pension plans are applied basicly in two forms; defined benefit and defined contribution plans. \nThe law of Individual Retirement Saving and Investment System; that was published in the official Newspaper in April 7 th 2001, includes the legal regulations of the pension fund companies that will be formed. In the light of this law, same requirements in Turkey application have been suggested. The regulations in the tax and retirement ages will be more attractive with the private pension funds obtained and will cause other investment sources for our country. Besides, it would increase the prosperity of the country as a supplementary income for the employees with a decresing income in their retirement period.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Scholarly communication, Open science, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Open science, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.338
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0030.001
Bibliometrics0.0030.004
Science and technology studies0.0020.000
Scholarly communication0.0090.011
Open science0.0120.013
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0530.020

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.038
GPT teacher head0.260
Teacher spread0.223 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it