Plant species suitability for reclamation of oil sands consolidated tailings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oil sand companies are evaluating techniques to solidify wet slurries and produce a non-segregating tailings stream known as consolidated or composite tailings (CT). Successful establishment of vegetation directly on CT can contribute to dewatering and assist in meeting reclamation objectives. The goal of this research was to develop a list of plant species which may be suitable for dewatering and reclamation of consolidated tailings. A growth chamber study was conducted in 1999 and a greenhouse study in 2001. In total, 44 native grasses, 50 native forbs, 8 introduced grasses and 4 introduced forbs were tested. The density of seedlings was recorded for 6 to 10 weeks depending on the experiment. Maximum emergence and establishment were calculated, and species vigour evaluated. Height and leaf number were measured in 1999. Grasses had higher average emergence and establishment (19.6% and 29.8%) than forbs (16.1% and 7.9%) in both studies. Introduced species had higher emergence and establishment (56.4% for grasses and 37.4% for forbs) compared to native species in CT treatments. All species except introduced grasses had higher emergence in control treatments compared to CT treatments. Field research needs to be conducted to further test the 14 grasses and 6 forbs identified in these studies as having potential for biological dewatering and reclamation of consolidated tailings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".