Racial Capitalism, Neocolonial Wealth Transfer, and Canadian International Student Policy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines historical and contemporary trends in Canadian international student policy through the lens of racial capitalism, arguing that current policy facilitates a significant neocolonial wealth transfer from Global South families to Canada through processes of expropriation, exploitation, and expulsion. It argues that discriminatory tuition fees effectively function as “education head taxes”, which extract billions of dollars annually from international students. Meanwhile, “gauntlets” to permanent residency have emerged in an immigration landscape where working class migrants have narrower options to regularize, creating a system of labour exploitation where student-labourers face precarious conditions and structural indebtedness. Finally, the constant threat of expulsion through loss of status and deportation is used to discipline labour and enforce nationalist segregation of labour and education markets. Within all three of these processes, race-making and neocolonial relations play a central role in justifying differential treatment, curtailing solidarity, and limiting potential policy changes to curtail abuses. Cet article examine les tendances historiques et contemporaines de la politique canadienne à l’égard des étudiants étrangers sous l’angle du capitalisme racial, en soutenant que la politique actuelle facilite un important transfert de richesse néocoloniale des familles du Sud vers le Canada par le biais de processus d’expropriation, d’exploitation et d’expulsion. Il affirme que les frais de scolarité discriminatoires fonctionnent effectivement comme des « taxes d’entrée sur l’éducation », qui soutirent des milliards de dollars par an aux étudiants internationaux. Dans le même temps, les « défis » que pose l’accès à la résidence permanente sont apparus dans un paysage de l’immigration où les migrants de la classe ouvrière ont des options de régularisation plus restreintes, créant un système d’exploitation du travail où les étudiants-travailleurs sont confrontés à des conditions précaires et à un endettement structurel. Enfin, la menace constante d’expulsion par la perte du statut et la déportation est utilisée pour discipliner le travail et renforcer la ségrégation nationaliste des marchés du travail et de l’éducation. Dans ces trois processus, les relations raciales et néocoloniales jouent un rôle central en justifiant les différences de traitement, en réduisant la solidarité et en limitant les changements politiques potentiels pour mettre fin aux abus
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".