Secondary traumatic stress, job satisfaction, anxiety, depression and coping among pediatric perioperative nurses exposed to trauma: a descriptive correlational study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Nurses caring for individuals affected by a traumatic event may experience secondary traumatic stress (Sts), which has negative downstream implications such as decreased mental well-being and job satisfaction. While Sts has been described among some nursing specialties, little is known about the experiences of Sts among pediatric perioperative nurses. Purpose: As guided by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, the primary objectives of this exploratory study were to: 1) describe the prevalence of STS in pediatric perioperative nurses who were exposed to trauma, 2) examine proposed antecedent correlates of Sts (trauma exposure, years of service, and coping), and 3) examine proposed outcome correlates (anxiety, depression, and job satisfaction) among pediatric perioperative nurses. Methods. In this descriptive correlational study, a pan Canadian internet survey was conducted with 33 pediatric perioperative nurses between January to March 2024. Participants completed six online questionnaires. Data analysis plan. Descriptive statistics of sample characteristics and study variables were conducted. Inferential statistics were employed to conduct correlational analyses to address this study’s research questions. Main results. The main finding was that 61percent of participants reported Sts levels of moderate or greater, and the mean number of trauma exposure was 9.06 weekly exposures. There was a significant correlation found between Sts and avoidant coping (r(31) = .467 (p = .006). Participants identified workplace relationships as one of the top indicators of job satisfaction. Other significant correlations were found between antecedent and outcome variables for nurse Sts. Conclusion. The high prevalence of weekly exposures to direct and indirect trauma and avoidant coping, and their linkage to pediatric perioperative nurse Sts levels have practice and research implications. Attention is called for better workplace supports and healthy work environments that thwart the harmful impact of Sts on nurse job satisfaction, anxiety, and depression when nurses face trauma in the workplace.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".