Three essays on the impact of colonial institutions on the economic outcomes of Indigenous people in Manitoba (Canada) and Colombia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dissertation includes 3 essays. The first essay answers the question: “is the influence of the Indian Act (on the lives of Indian persons) associated with worse economic outcomes?” This investigation focuses on Aboriginal persons who self-reported as First Nations persons (North American Indian), and compared the economic outcome of Status Indians (those affected by the Indian Act) with those of non-Status Indians (those not affected by the Act). The economic outcomes considered were: employment, income, housing, and education. The research results indicated that being a Status Indian was associated with a lower probability (lower odds ratio) of higher economic outcomes across all outcomes considered. The second essay addresses the question: “Do land access through resguardos (reserve lands) and ethno linguistic alienation/integration contribute to the relative income poverty of Colombian Indigenous peoples?” To answer this question this investigation regressed the income unmet basic need (IUBN) gap between Indigenous and non-minority people (at the municipal level) on a set of explanatory variables that included: the mean resguardo land size per family and the percent of municipal Indigenous populations that speak Spanish and their Native language. The results suggest that, for the Andean region, ethnolinguistic integration (speaking a Native language) was in important factor in decreasing the IUBN gap but, for the Amazonian region, ethnolinguistic acculturation (speaking Spanish) increased the IUBN gap. More resguardo land per family, however, tended to be associated with a larger IUBN gap. The third essay answers the research question: “What are the critical institutions governing the economic activities of the people on the Hollow Water First Nation’s Reserve?” Using a qualitative approach to identify and assess institutions, this paper finds that communal stewardship of land combined with a range of subordinate institutions guided traditional production for the Anishinabe of Hollow Water. Today, the Band Chief and Council, a subordinate institution to the Indian Act, is the largest on-reserve employer at the Hollow Water Reserve. Off-reserve work faces the challenge of overcoming poor on-reserve education and the dual disincentives of psycho-social trauma relating to current and past mistreatment of the Anishinabe and the availability of social assistance income (through the Indian Act).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".