Vitamin D status in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: Association with clinical and radiographical parameters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and knee osteoarthritis in women aged 45-60. METHODS: 110 female patients with knee osteoarthritis were included. Patients were divided into two groups according to vitamin D level: group 1 included 65 patients with low vitamin D (< 20 ng/ml), and group 2 included 45 patients with vitamin D in normal ranges (≥20 ng/ml). Severity of osteoarthritis was evaluated by Kellgren-Lawrence (KL). Pain, stiffness and functional status were measured by Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). RESULTS: Rate of vitamin D deficiency was 59.09%. Mean vitamin D level was 9.09±3.82 in group 1 and 27.84±6.42 in group 2. Vitamin D was significantly lower in group 1 (p=0.00). K/L grade 1(28.89%) and 2(64.44%) were most frequently found in group 2, whereas grade 3(38.46%) and 4(15.38%) were found in group 1. Group1 had significantly higher radiographic grades than group 2 (p=0.00). Patients in group 1 scored significantly higher in WOMAC (p=0.00). K/L scores were correlated with VAS-pain and WOMAC scores (p=0.00). K/L scores showed no significant correlation with body mass index (BMI) (p=0.82).CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with knee OA in terms of pain, stiffness, functional and radiological status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".