Effect of chain extension on the properties of PLA/TPS blends and film blowing processing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of a multifunctional epoxyacrylic-styrene copolymer on the properties of PLA/Thermoplastic Starch (PLA/TPS) blends was investigated and its effect on the processing of blown films was clarified. The PLA/TPS blends were prepared by twin-screw extrusion. The dry-starch and plasticizers were mixed together in the first half of the extruder to complete starch gelatinization. Water was removed by devolatilization at mid-extruder and the PLA matrix was mixed with the water-free TPS in the latter portion of the compounding process. The standard blends comprised 27%TPS in the PLA matrix. The TPS phase comprised 36% plasticizers in the form of glycerol and sorbitol mixtures. Oscillatory-shear rheology was used to monitor changes in blend viscosity. Scanning electron microscopy on microtomed and acid-etched samples was carried out to assess the blend morphology. It was found that the viscosity of the PLA/TPS blends was dramatically increased by adding a small amount of epoxy-based chain extender (CE). This is of great interest for film-blowing since this process requires materials with high melt strength. Film blowing trials on a lab-scale equipment showed that PLA/TPS film could be successfully blown when sufficient levels of chain-extenders were used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".