Efficacy of alternative sweet corn pest control agents and their impact on honey bees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
European corn borer (ECB), 'Ostrinia nubilalis' (Hu?bner), is a serious pest of sweet corn. Corn flea beetle (CFB), ' Chaetocnema pulicaria' Melsheimer, which vectors Stewart's wilt (' Erwinia' stewartii Smith) is another pest of sweet corn. Concern of Ontario sweet corn growers and beekeepers over the impact on honey bees (' Apis mellifera' L.) of the insecticides, carbofuran and imidacloprid, used for ECB and CFB control led to investigation of alternative pest control agents. Efficacy and impact on honey bees of recently registered insecticides, spinosad, clothianidin and Bt-sweet corn were evaluated to determine their suitability for use in ECB and CFB IPM programs. Field efficacy trials demonstrated that spinosad and Bt-sweet corn provided ECB control equivalent to commonly used insecticides, carbofuran and lambda-cyhalothrin. Clothianidin proved more effective than imidacloprid at reducing CFB feeding. Laboratory bioassays indicated that ECB control agents, spinosad and Bt-sweet corn, have reduced risk to honey bees. The ECB insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin, was also found less toxic to honey bees relative to the industry standard, carbofuran. Results indicate that CFB insecticidal seed treatments, imidacloprid and clothianidin, pose minimal risk to honey bees.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".