An experience of synthesis and freedom: space and design in Portugal post-world war II
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper analyses a domestic space designed amidst cultural tension in Portugal, within a context defined by nearly a quarter of a century of autarky by the 1950s. Striving for a reformed way of living, Carlos Tojal’s first home, ‘the burrow’, contrary to the endemic practices, comprised a modern ‘manifesto’, simultaneously functionalist and organicist. What were Tojal’s contributions, as architect and interior designer, in questioning modern living and the design culture of autarkic Portugal? Away from the nationalistic, historical and folkloric themes endorsed by the Dictatorship, his proposals aspire towards democracy and the practice of design as project, comprising the modern and its contradictions. The research, supported by historiographical-based methods, began with a heuristic process, through bibliographical research and inventory of sources from the studio’s collection, complemented by library and archive research, resulting in the current hermeneutical approach towards a prospective understanding of the works in question, leading to the research topics outlined. Through hermeneutical interpretation, a design culture in which arts and crafts interact and complement each other emerges. In his first home - ‘the burrow’ -, the idea of a ‘lost paradise’ was reflected in the permeability of human and natural spaces, welcoming the informal and jovial environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.028 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".