Knowledge and practice of galactogogeus consumption among breastfeeding mothers in Kuantan, Pahang
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is well recognize that breast milk give many benefits to the infants. The best nutrition for early months of growth for normal infants is exclusive breastfeeding as suggested by Canadian Pediatric Society (CPS). Almost all reasons that have been documented for discontinuance of breast milk are perception of insufficient production of milk. In order to increase the amount of milk, many breastfeeding mothers take an effort to take supplement, known as galactogogues which been claimed to increase quality and quantity of breast milk. However, the exact effect of galactogogues is still questionable. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of galactogogues consumption on milk production among breastfeeding mothers in Kuantan. Besides that, this study also aims to identify the most preferred type of galactogogues consumption among mothers in Kuantan, Pahang. Apart from that, it was conducted to find out the association between knowledge and practice of galactogogues consumption among breastfeeding mothers in Kuantan. This is a cross-sectional study and 120 respondents were selected by using purposive sampling. The questionnaire forms were distributed among mothers who fit the inclusion criteria in Kuantan area. According to our findings, about 74% of subjects responded that galactogogues can enhanced milk production of breastfeeding mothers while 38% responded that galactogogues does not give any effect. The most preferred type of galactogogues among mothers in Kuantan is food (57%) compared to herb (34%) and drug (8%). Apart from that, there are association between knowledge and practice of galactogogues consumption among breastfeeding mothers in Kuantan. In conclusion, knowledge of galactogogues consumption among breastfeeding mothers in Kuantan was good and the practice was prevalent among them. Keywords Galactogogoues, lactation, breast milk, milk production, Kuantan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".