New Zealand Food Supply in Recent Years (2015-2020) : Examination of Trans Fatty Acids (TFA) Amounts and the Presence/Potential Presence of Industrially Produced TFA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: The World Health Organization has called for global elimination of industriallyproduced trans fatty acids (iTFA) in the food supply by 2023. We aimed to provide an up-todate assessment on the availability of trans fatty acids (TFA) in the New Zealand (NZ) food supply, for us to understand whether NZ is likely to reach the goal of elimination of iTFA from the food supply. Methods: Availability of TFA content of the NZ food supply was assessed by using FOODfiles 2018 (n=2,767), the fast-foods data 2020 (n=2,226) and the supermarket packaged foods data (Nutritrack) 2015-19 (n=68,734). In all three datasets, for products with available information, the median, interquartile ranges, minimum and maximin level of TFA content were calculated. The percentage contribution of TFA to total fat was also calculated and benchmarked against the TFA limits recommended by the WHO and the Canadian Trans Fat Task Force. Additionally, the ingredients list of supermarkets packaged foods was searched for ingredients that contained or potentially contained iTFA, the proportion of products with these ingredients were calculated by year and by food groups. Results: In total, 97.2% and 84.0% of fast-foods and supermarket packaged foods did not display information on TFA content. Within the three datasets examined and among the products with available data, the median level of TFA was ≤0.1g/100g. Respectively, within the FOODfiles 2018, the fast-food data 2020, and the Nutritrack 2015-19, the proportion of products with TFA content above WHO limits in three datasets was 31.8%, 29.5% and 15.6%, and above the Canadian limits was 7.2%, 8.5%, and 6.7%. In 2019, 0.7% of the supermarket packaged foods in Nutritrack listed ingredients that were sources of iTFA, and 6.2% of products listed ingredients that potentially contained iTFA. However, among the products with these ingredients, about 90% of them did not declare the amount of TFA in their Nutritional Information Panels. Conclusion: Products containing iTFA remain available in the NZ food supply, but the information on the TFA content of fast foods and packaged foods provided for consumers is lacking and ambiguous. Legislation regarding iTFA elimination that will contribute to a healthy and equitable food environment for New Zealanders should be considered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".