Migration and Bilingualism: Language Identity of a Croatian Family in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
At the intersection of sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics, language and culture are explored to determine how the two factors affect one’s sense of identity. A case study of four participants was conducted to examine their experience with living in a new country and having to overcome various linguistic and cultural obstacles, and how those experiences affected their sense of identity. The study was conducted through several interviews, and the participants are two Croatian parents and their twin daughters. The daughters were born in Canada after their parents had emigrated from Croatia, and the daughters returned in Croatia as young adults to pursue their studies, where they also had their own families with Croatian spouses. Since the parents still live in Canada, the focus of the study is on the generational aspect of language identity, and whether language habits, such as code-switching, differ across these two generations. Furthermore, the two daughters and the parents have shown some decrease in their language proficiency, while the daughters started experiencing symptoms of subtractive bilingualism since moving to Croatia, and the parents experienced similar issues on a smaller scale. Additionally, the parents explained how they raised their children to love Croatia as much they love Canada. Moreover, the daughters showed an independent, critical view on both countries, while the parents’ patriotism is typical for Croatian diaspora in Canada. Still, the parents raised their children in a positive manner, encouraging bilingualism and biculturalism since the daughters’ early age, and today, the daughters raise their children in a similar manner. Overall, the participants have expressed their satisfaction with both languages and cultures, and the parents and one daughter have stated that they felt equally Croatian and Canadian, while the other daughter said she felt more Croatian due to having lived in Croatia for a long time and having her own family in the country.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it