A Pilot Study on Cognitive Processing Characteristics and Cerebral Mechanisms of Native Chinese-Speaking Savant Calendar Calculators with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ObjectiveTo analyze the cognitive processing characteristics of a native Chinese-speaking savant calendar calculator (SCC) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to investigate the related brain mechanisms with cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsOne native Chinese-speaking ASD patient with SCC features was assessed with the randomized calendar calculation test, the adjusted new calendar memory ability test, the numerical calculation ability test, the judgement of line orientation (JLO) test, the apraxia examination (orofacial apraxia, speech apraxia, and ideomotor apraxia examination), the frontal assessment battery (FAB), and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). The patient with SCC was examined with crainial MRI and compared with healthy subjects to explore the organic brain damage.Results(1) Calendar calculation ability test: the correct rate of random normal calendar calculation in the SCC patient was 80%, and the average time of answering each question was 11.8 s, while the average correct rate of random normal calendar calculation in the healthy subjects was only 16%. (2) Calendar memorizing ability test: the correct rate of the adjusted new calendar calculation in the SCC patient was only 20%. (3) Numerical calculation ability: the correct rate of addition and division in the SCC patient was 100%, and the average time was 10.67 s and 58.19 s respectively. The correct rate of subtraction and multiplication was 93.8%, and the average time was 23.51 s and 34.88 s, respectively. (4) JLO test: the score of JLO test in the SCC patient was 27. (5) Examination of apraxia: the patient showed partial orofacial apraxia and no speech apraxia, but the patient had ideomotor aphasia (score=32). (6) Scores of FAB and MoCA: the FAB score of the patient was 13, and mainly indicated impairment in similarity test and verbal fluency. The MoCA score was 17, mainly characterized as cognitive dysfunction and obvious abstract and language function loss. (7) MRI examination: compared with the healthy subjects, the SCC patient had arachnoid cysts in the left anterior temporal lobe, small bilateral hippocampal volume, especially on the left side, and left parietal-occipital cortex atrophy with subcortical white matter gliosis was observed.ConclusionThe native Chinese patient with autism spectrum disorder has the ability of SCC, and the frontal lobe function and left parietal lobe function (reduced numerical calculation ability and ideomotor dysfunction) are impaired, except for good visuospatial ability. The ability to be a SCC may be related to functional compensation in the right parietal lobe following a left temporal lobe arachnoid cyst.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".