Population genetic structure of North American burbot (<i>Lota lota maculosa</i>) across the Nearctic and at its contact zone with Eurasian burbot (<i>Lota lota lota</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The burbot, Lota lota (Teleostei: Gadidae), has a holarctic distribution, with one subspecies (Lota lota lota) living in the lakes and rivers of the Palaearctic and northwestern North America and the other (Lota lota maculosa) living in the Nearctic (except the northwest). We analysed nine microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA control region of 350 burbot sampled across North America to develop a continent-wide understanding of population differentiation following postglacial recolonization. Using mitochondrial DNA, we identify three subclades of L. l. maculosa: one is widespread, one is moderately well distributed, and the third is restricted to the southwest. Lota l. lota is restricted to Yukon and Alaska. Microsatellite loci show moderate levels of genetic diversity and high population differentiation throughout North America (R(st) <= 0.9). Lota l. maculosa and L. l. lota mtDNA lineages only co-occur appreciably in Great Slave Lake. An individual-based Bayesian approach to detect genotypic admixture indicates that very few of all individuals show signs of admixture between subspecies, and those individuals are restricted to Great Slave Lake and Lake Laberge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".