Rectal Versus Oral Analgesia for Perineal Pain Relief After Childbirth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: To compare the efficacy of rectally administered diclofenac sodium with orally administered mefenamic acid for relief of perineal pain associated with childbirth. Methods: In this randomized control trial, 324 women were randomly allocated in two groups(Group A and B) of 162 each. Groups A patients received diclofenac rectal suppositories and group B patients received oral mefenamic acid. Treatment packs contained either two 50mg diclofenac suppositories or mefenamic acid tablets 500mg. First suppository being inserted when suturing was complete, and second was offered 12-24 hours after birth. Women in group B were given oral mefenamic acid tablets 08 hourly. Women were asked to complete questionnaire at 24 and 48 hours, after birth, relating to their pain relief using validated short form of McGill pain questionnaire Results: There was statistically significant difference between the two groups for sensory, affective and total pain scores at rest or with movement at 24 hours after childbirth. Pain scores were significantly lower in diclofenac group (p value ≤ .0001) when compared to mefenamic acid group. The difference was not sustained 48hours after birth. Conclusion: The use of rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug suppositories is simple, effective and safe method of reducing the pain experienced by women following perineal trauma within 24 hours after childbirth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".