Time domain electromagnetic survey of the Mud Lake area in South Bay, Ontario / Prepared for: Boojum Research Ltd.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bedrock depth in area immediately North of Mud Lake may vary from as deep as 20 m to very shallow level. The soil in the area consists of wet, organic rich, fine grain organic material, with possible addition of clay which underlines Mud Lake. Various geophysical methods were reviewed as a possible techniques to investigate depth to bedrock in this area. Ground Penetrating Radar or Sledge-hammer Seismic investigations were initially proposed as tools to investigate depth of the bedrock in area located North of Mud Lake. The penetration depth of the Ground Penetrating Radar system is dependent upon the effective conductivity and dielectric constant of the earth material being probed. Previous electromagnetic EM34-3 surveys in the area indicated relatively high soil conductivity, possibility of the presence of clay material, and conductive surface water. Based on these information Ground Penetrating Radar would have relatively small depth of penetration in the northern portion of Mud Lake. However it may provide satisfactory results in area of gravel pit and in areas adjacent to bedrock outcrops. Seismic method appears to be the most suitable and accurate geophysical method in this type of investigations, however sledge hammer or other mechanical devices used as an energy source seem to be too weak in area of very soft, organic rich and wet soils. To investigate depth up to 20 m in above described conditions dynamite would have to be used as a sufficient source of energy. This would cause disturbance of sensitive soft soils leading to a possible cross contamination of the subsurface. Due to above concerns the time domain electromagnetic (TEM) soundings or resistivity method using direct current (DC soundings) remained available techniques to investigate depth to bedrock in area North of Mud Lake. Since DC soundings can not be conducted in frozen ground and in the presence of substantial snow cover the TEM soundings were chosen to be conducted during this project.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".