AN ANALYSIS OF PURE ORBITAL BLOWOUT FRACTURES: Demographics and surgical outcomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To examine and present an investigation of the etiology, incidence, and surgical outcomes of pure orbital blowout fractures in Winnipeg, Canada over a ten-year period. Materials and Methods:A retrospective chart analysis was done on all cases of orbital blowout fractures seen at the Health Science Center in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada during the ten (10) year period of April 1, 2004 to March 31, 2014.Results: There were 254 cases involving orbital blowout fractures that were seen and treated at the Health Science Centre between April 1, 2004 and March 31, 2014.91 of the 254 cases were diagnosed as pure orbital blowout fractures.Men outnumbered women in all age categories of assessment and outnumbered women 3:1 overall in the study.Violent assaults and motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) were the leading etiology of injury.The most common associated, immediate symptoms involved in all cases were diplopia, ecchymosis, pain, restricted eye movement, enophthalmos and crepitus.It was found that for treatment of pure orbital blowout fractures standard treatment approaches of subciliary and transconjunctival were most common with subciliary approach used the most in this study.Nearly 80% of all cases in this study were repaired with titanium mesh implant material and another 10% having used Medpor porous polyethelyne (PE).Post-operative complications included diplopia, pain, blurred vision, V 2 numbness, enophthalmos and chemosis.All cases not showing acceptable improvements at two weeks post-operatively were reassessed and either treated by another specialty or had a secondary surgery to repair acute or chronic issues related to the initial surgery. Conclusions:Consistent with other studies, titanium and porous PE implant materials for surgical repair of pure orbital floor blowout fractures proved to be satisfactory reparative materials.Subciliary and transconjunctival surgical approaches as reviewed in this study showed acceptable long-term results with the alloplastic implant materials and minimal post-operative complications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".