Arts and Crafts Architecture: Local Visionaries & Modern Interpretations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heritage buildings are important assets to cities. More than just their physical presence they embody values of the society, economy and the time which they are from. The Arts and Crafts movement was an international movement originating in Britain in the mid nineteenth century. It manifested in many forms, including the architecture of the period. The movement had among other foci a desire to produce beautiful objects and expressed discontent at the industrial progress of modern civilisation.\n\nInfill development can pose risks to heritage values by being unsympathetic to context and buildings around. This research analyses and assesses the effects on the values of heritage buildings caused by infill development and design styles. The main explorative area is the replication of historical architectural styles. The Arts and Crafts movement and its architectural style are used as a framework of values upon which the research is based. This is done using two case studies: Laneway houses in Vancouver, Canada and infill development in Dunedin, New Zealand. Lessons from the Vancouver study are used to develop factors to be included in design guidelines for Dunedin’s heritage areas. While quite different in terms of spatial size, rates of change, economic development and population growth, the heritage challenges experienced in both study locations are similar. The research uses a critical realist approach to understand these differences.\n\nThis research has affirmed that replication of architectural styles cannot simply be labelled ‘good’ or ‘bad’ in terms of heritage values. Context and factors such as the real estate market and community preference are also important in determining appropriateness. Regardless of style, unsympathetic architecture risks degrading heritage values. As a result of this research, it is recommended that a site by site assessment is needed to determine what factors and design features should be taken into account in new infill design. This research has also contributed to an understanding of how Arts and Crafts values are reflected within built form and planning today. The research shows these values are to an extent reflected within laneway houses in Vancouver through their design and development process as well as in the ethos of the developers who built them.\n\nIt is argued that modern technologies such as the Passivhaus movement, energy efficiency and the production system of prefabrication are in essence ‘new’ Arts and Crafts values. Managing the effects of infill development, and managing change will lead to much more beneficial outcomes for both heritage values and the streetscape. It is suggested the overarching goal of any new insertion should be to enable the best (contemporary) notions of liveability possible, while not detracting from the potency and validity of heritage examples representative of their time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.031 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".