Characterization of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-_) receptor profiles on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays an important role in angiogenesis and wound healing. The major cell type involved in angiogenesis are microvascular endothelial cells. Endoglin, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is highly expressed on vascular endothelial cells and has been shown to bind TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 and inhibit TGF-beta-induced responses. Mutation in the endoglin gene has been implicated in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1), a dominantly inherited vascular disorder. The role of endoglin in regulating TGF-beta function in the microvasculature is not well understood. The initial interactions on the cell surface between endoglin and the TGF-beta receptors may be an important mechanism by which endoglin modulates TGF-beta signaling and responses. In this study, we show for the first time that on human microvascular endothelial cells, endoglin forms a heteromeric association with betaglycan, a TGF-beta receptor with which endoglin shares limited homology. This complex formation can occur in both a ligand-dependent and ligand-independent manner. In addition, we demonstrate the occurrence of three higher order complexes which contain endoglin and the TGF-beta type II and/or type I receptors in different numbers or ratios. Our results suggest that endoglin may modulate TGF-beta signal transduction by interacting with betaglycan and the TGF-beta signaling receptors on the cell surface in different ratios.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".