Defense gene expression in corn (Zea mays L.) in response to Clavibacter nebraskensis, the causal agent of Goss’s Wilt and Leaf Blight
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Goss’s wilt and leaf blight is a growing concern for corn growers in Manitoba, Canada. Little is known about the genetic interaction between corn and the bacterial pathogen, Clavibacter nebraskensis (Cn). The objective of this study was to investigate at the molecular level, how corn can defend against Cn. Two lines of corn screened as susceptible (CO447) and tolerant (CO450) to Goss’s wilt and leaf blight, respectively, were inoculated with Cn strains that possess different aggressiveness levels. The highly aggressive Cn strain (CMN14-5-1) produced severe symptoms on CO447, which quickly developed water soaked lesions, and then within a couple days, developed into necrotic lesions. However, symptoms on CO450 exhibited signs of chlorosis, freckling, and necrosis that did not progress, beyond the initial 6 days after inoculation, with the same strains, which were signs of programmed cell death (PCD) within the corn plant. Similar results were observed with the less aggressive Cn strain (DOAB232), though symptoms were less severe. Area under disease progress curve values were estimated for both lesion length and disease severity, which yielded significant differences amongst treatments. Analysis of the expression of 31 genes associated with plant defense was performed on plants challenged with each Cn strain. Four genes, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI), ras-related protein 7 (Rab7), ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP2), and respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D (rbohD) were upregulated in CO450 RbohD is one of the genes responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, a key factor in PCD, so can be considered a defense factor in this study. Four genes, jasmonate-zim-domain protein 20 (jaz20), β subunit ATP synthase (βATP), allene oxide synthase (ZmAOS), and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein (RabE1C) were upregulated in CO447. Based on their differential expression in the two corn lines in response to one or the strain, some genes may be suggested as contributors to either susceptibility or tolerance to Goss’s wilt and leaf blight. Along with other findings in Drs. Daayf, Tambong, and Stasolla’s lab, this knowledge can represent a foundation for developing cultivars with higher resistance to Cn.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".