Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasound-Guided Pulsed Radiofrequency Therapy of Stellate Ganglion on Refractory Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Jiying Wang,1,* Weisheng Xu,1,* Qingqing Wang,2,* Peng Yang,3,* Yanpeng Kan,1 Chao Huang,4 Fuqing Lin1 1Department of Pain Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China; 4Chongming Branch, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fuqing Lin; Chao Huang, Email fuqinglin@tongji.edu.cn; m13524572828@163.comBackground: The best tool for the management of pain associated with distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) is a matter of debate. Therefore, the study aimed to explore whether ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) therapy of the stellate ganglion (SG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with painful DSPN could decrease pain severity and the need for analgesics.Methods: Fifty-six T2DM patients with refractory painful DSPN were enrolled in this study, who then received bilateral ultrasound-guided PRF therapy of SG. The patients completed visual analog scale (VAS), simplified McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Toronto clinical score system (TCSS), sleep duration at night (SDN), pain disability index (PDI), Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and depression screening scale (PHQ-9). After procedures, the degree of perceived pain relief, numbness relief and chills relief of the patients, and side effects were assessed. All patients underwent evaluation after the last procedure at 1, 4, 12 and 24-week follow-up periods.Results: The postoperative VAS, SF-MPQ, TCSS, PDI and PHQ-9 scores were significantly lower, while the KPS values higher than the preoperative (P< 0.05). The postoperative SDN was longer than the preoperative (P< 0.05). The degree of perceived pain relief, chills relief, and numbness relief at 4, 12, and 24 weeks were lower than that at 1 week after the procedures (P< 0.05). The postoperative rates of administration of analgesic were lower than those of preoperative period (P< 0.05). The significant effective rates at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the procedure were 67.86%, 42.86%, 21.43%, and 17.86% and the total effective rates were 89.29%, 71.43%, 46.43%, and 32.14%. No serious complication was observed.Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion PRF therapy can effectively relieve pain and improve the quality of life in T2DM patients with refractory painful DSPN.Keywords: painful diabetic neuropathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stellate ganglion, pulsed radiofrequency
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".