The effect of centralization on the social and political systems of the mainland Nova Scotia Mi'kmaq : (case studies : Millbrook-1916 & Indian Brook-1941)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the 1910s the Canadian Federal Government developed a Centralization Policy for the Mi'kmaq of Nova Scotia. By 1919, 55 members of the Halifax County Band had moved to the Millbrook Reserve. The population was listed as 124 by 1931. The political structure of the Mi'kmaq was established at this time and leadership was strong on the Millbrook Reserve under Chief Joseph Julian. The Mi'kmaq were included in the decision making process and their ideas, including procurement of additional resources, were incorporated into the program. Relocation can be viewed as only a minor disruption to the social and economic structure of those involved. \n \nDuring the Great Depression, and as Canada was preparing for World War Two, the government felt the need to ease the economic burden of providing for the Mi'kmaq. Referring to the economic success of the Millbrook centralization, it was decided in 1941 that the Mi'kmaq would be centralized to the two larger reserves, Indian Brook and Eskasoni. By 1946, 816 people were living on Indian Brook where only 41 people had resided in 1931. The political structure was unorganized and representation was weak and inexperienced. The move was forced on an uninformed people under threat of enfranchisement and loss of government financial support. Without the acquisition of additional resources, the overcrowded conditions had serious consequences on the social and economic stability within the Indian Brook Reserve.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".