Fractalkine-induced activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway attentuates microglial activation in vivo and in vitro.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative disorders are associated with\nevidence of inflammation, one feature of which is increased\nactivation of microglia, the most likely cellular source of\ninflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1b. It is now recognized\nthat interaction of microglia with other cells contributes\nto maintenance of microglia in a quiescent state and the\ncomplementary distribution of the chemokine, fractalkine\n(CX3CL1) on neurons and its receptor (CX3CR1) on microglia,\nsuggests that this interaction may play a role in modulating\nmicroglial activation. Here we demonstrate that both\nsoluble and membrane-bound fractalkine attenuate lipopolysaccharide-\ninduced microglial activation in vitro. We also\nshow that fractalkine expression is reduced in the brain of\naged rats and this is accompanied by an age-related increase\nin microglial activation. Treatment of aged rats with\nfractalkine attenuates the age-related increase in microglial\nactivation and the evidence indicates that fractalkine-induced\nactivation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway is required\nto maintain microglia in a quiescent state both in vivo\nand in vitro.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".