High-sugar drinks, acculturation and obesity in the Canadian high Arctic: International polar year Inuit health survey, 2007-2008
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inuit populations of northern Canada have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity based on BMI and waist circumference. Increasing obesity prevalence has been observed among Inuit over the past few decades, during which time Inuit have also undergone an acculturation process resulting in decreased hunting and harvesting activities, settlement in towns and villages, and increased consumption of a diet rich in carbohydrates, particularly refined carbohydrates, saturated fat, and trans fat with implications for emerging obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases among Inuit. Data from the cross-sectional International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey conducted in 2007 and 2008 investigated the correlates of an at-risk BMI (>25 kg/m2) among Inuit adult participants from thirty-six communities across the Canadian Arctic. The overall prevalence of an at-risk BMI was 64%. Consumption of high-sugar drinks (>13% of total energy intake) was significantly related with having an at-risk BMI (OR = 1.5; 95% CI:1.1-2.0), whereas the % E from total carbohydrate evaluated as a continuous variable and as quartiles was inversely related to an at-risk BMI (p-trend <0.05) with significantly reduced risk in the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile (OR= 0.68 95% CI= 0.49-0.95) in logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, region, walking, high-sugar drinks, % E carbohydrate, % E from high-fat foods. While % E from high-fat foods was positively related to an at-risk BMI, the findings were not significant in a model controlling for high-sugar drinks and %E from carbohydrate. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is of public health concern among Inuit. The current findings highlight the obesogenic potential of high-sugar drink consumption in an ethnically distinct population undergoing rapid cultural changes and raises concerns regarding carbohydrate restricted diets. Health promotion programs aimed at preventing the development of an unhealthy body weight should focus on the social disparities in obesity prevalence and high consumption of nutrient poor and energy dense foods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".