Expression analysis of low temperature-induced genes in wheat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a widely adapted, economically important crop exhibiting winter, spring and intermediate growth habits. Winter wheat is seeded in the fall, over-winters, resumes growth in spring and is harvested in early summer. It also requires a period of low temperature (LT) exposure, experienced during the fall, to switch from the vegetative to reproductive phase in spring, a process known as vernalization. Low temperature also allows the wheat plant to cold-acclimate to withstand freezing winter temperatures. There has always been an interest to grow winter wheat because of its yield advantage over spring wheat. However, LT tolerance needs to be improved to prevent winter kill and maximize its yield potential. To achieve this more detailed understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying LT tolerance is required. Thus, objectives of this study were to determine the expression of a LT-induced gene and cDNA-AFLP profile in leaf and crown tissues of LT-exposed wheat plants. Survival of crown tissues after exposure to sub-zero temperatures is an indication of the level of LT tolerance of a cultivar. Thus, pattern and levels of expression of LT-induced genes and identification of LT-induced transcripts in this tissue will add to understanding of LT tolerance. Genotypes used in this study included a winter hardy cultivar, Norstar, a tender spring cultivar, Manitou and two-near-isogenic lines with the Vrn-A1 (spring Norstar) and vrn-A1 (winter Manitou) alleles of Manitou and Norstar, respectively. The dominant Vrn-A1 locus confers spring habit and therefore no requirement for vernalization. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) for the cold-regulated gene, Wcor410, indicated that in leaf tissue the Vrn-A1 locus determined level of expression, being higher in the lines having the recessive vrn-A1 allele compared to the dominant Vrn-A1 allele lines. In the crown tissue, the Norstar genetic background led to the higher level of expression than in the Manitou background. cDNA-AFLP analysis also exhibited variable profiles between the two tissues.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".