Bibliographic record
Abstract
There were numerous developments for international environmental law and policy in 2002.This article briefly discusses some of the more noteworthy.This year, in keeping with the effort to streamline the year-in-review overall, the International Environmental Law Committee has taken this more focused approach, rather than attempt a more comprehensive reporting effort.In light of this new approach, a list of web links is provided at the end of the article to facilitate efforts to find out more about developments with respect both to the instruments and fora discussed in this article and those not addressed this year.I. World Summit on Sustainable Development The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) occurred in the late summer of 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa.'The WSSD marked the 10th anniversary of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED or Earth Summit) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992.By resolution in December 2000, the United Nations General Assembly authorized the WSSD, as a ten-year review of UNCED at the summit level, to reinvigorate the global commitment to sustainable development.2 In accordance with the resolution, the WSSD addressed areas requiring further efforts to *Any views or opinions expressed in this text are those of the authors in their personal capacities, and do not necessarily represent the views of the organizations for which they work.John Barlow Weiner (chapter editor and discussions of WSSD and Basel Convention) is an attorney with Ropes & Gray.Gilbert Bankobeza (Montreal Protocol discussion) is Senior Legal Officer with the Montreal Protocol Secretariat.Kitty Block (International Whaling Commission discussion) is Special Counsel to the United Nations and Treaties Department of the Humane Society of the United States.Amy Fraenkel (Dolphin Protection Consumer Information Act discussion) is Democratic Counsel for the Oceans, Atmosphere and Fisheries Subcommittee of the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation.Teresa Hobgood (CITES discussion) is Senior Policy Advisor, Bureau of Oceans and International Scientific Affairs, U.S. Department of State.Alice Mattice (trade and environment discussion) is
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.016 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.017 | 0.019 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.049 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".