Investigations into the toxicology and pharmacology of spirolides, a novel group of shellfish toxins
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mammalian toxicity of spirolides, a novel group of macrocyclic imines, was first revealed in routine monitoring for diarrhetic shelltïsh poisoning (DSP) toxins from shellfïsh aquaculture sites in Nova Scotia, Canada. Spirolides elicit a novel and highly potent toxic response in mice after intraperitoneal injections. In toxicological studies, the oral and intraperitoneal toxicities of spirolides in mice were determined to be approximately 1 mg kg-’ and 40 μg kg“, respectively. The pharmacological effects of spirolides were also characterized by subjecting mice to various drugs (e.g., atropine, physostigmine, propanolol and epinephrine), followed by a challenge with a spirolide- rich extract of A. ostenfeldii cultures or purified spirolides. Some therapeutants were capable of enhancing survivability, whereas others produced faster death times. After administration of “antidotes” to these therapeutants, and the observationof reversa1 or enhancement of spirolide effects, at least one mode of action was indicated. Spirolides appear to affect the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in mammalian systems. The potential implications for human health, if any, from consuming spirolide-contaminated shelltïsh have not yet been determined.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.075 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it