Immunogold localization of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in mitochondria \nand on the cell surface in normal rat tissues
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase \n(mAspAT) (E.C. 2.6.1.1), an important enzyme in amino \nacid metabolism, is identical to a fatty acid-binding \nprotein (FA B Pp m) isolated from plasma membranes of \nseveral cell types. Employing a monospecific polyclonal \nantibody to rat mAspAT, we have used immunogold \nelectron microscopy to study the subcellular distribution \nof mAspAT in various mammalian tissues. Immunogold \nlabeling of rat tissue sections embedded in LR Gold \nresin showed strong labeling of mitochondria in all \ntissues examined (viz. live r, pancreas, pituitary, spleen, \nheart, kidney, submandibular gland). In addition, strong \nand specific labeling was also observed at a number of \nnon-mitochondrial sites including various locations in \nk i d n ey, such as on cell surface in distal tubules and \ncortical collecting ducts, in condensing vacuoles, along \ncell boundaries between adjoining cells, and in \nendothelial cells lining capillaries in the glomerulus. \nS u r face labeling due to mAspAT was also seen in \narteriolar endothelial cells and in lymphocytes. These \nfindings support the previous identification of mAspAT \nas both a mitochondrial enzyme and a plasma membrane \nprotein. It is suggested that in accordance with its \nestablished role in other cells and tissues, the surfa c e - \nlocated mAspAT in kidney and endothelial cells is i nvo l ved in the fatty acid transport process. The duallocalization \nof mAspAT, as well as a large number of \nother mitochondrial proteins (viz. Hsp60, Hsp10, \nCytochrome c, TRAP-1 and P32 (gC1q-R)) in recent \nstudies, within both mitochondria and at various specific \nextramitochondrial sites raises fundamental questions \nabout the role of mitochondria in cell structure and \nfunction, and about the mechanisms that exist in normal \ncells for protein translocation from mitochondria to other \ncompartments. These results have implications for the \nrole of mitochondria in apoptosis and different diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".