From the Intimate, Regional to the Global: Examining the Indian International Student Migration to Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dissertation examines Indian international student migration to Canada focusing on students from the north Indian state of Punjab, a region with extensive history of migration and transnational social ties to Canada. Punjab has historically been the predominant sending region within India to Canada, and which continues to dominate in the present phase of international student migration to Canada. The pursuit of higher education has become particularly popular in Punjab. Furthermore, Canada has recently emerged as a significant international study destination following its international education strategy aimed to attract and increase the number of international students. The study employs qualitative and quantitative methods with field work in Canada and India to investigate the ways in which socio-economic aspirations of families are closely tied to the pursuit of a higher education migration pathway to Canada. Guided by the intimate geopolitics perspective and aspirations-capabilities framework the research aims to understand migrant agency and how emerging global opportunities, such as international education opportunities in Canada might interact, shape and transform the very intimate scale dimensions involved in migration from source regions such as Punjab. The research contributes to an understanding of migrant aspirations and decision making processes, including various changes within social and gender dimensions of migration. The agency of migrants from Punjab is highlighted by examining their capabilities, including how migrants employ strategies to pursue global opportunities such as those presented by Canada’s international education strategy. The research finds significant changes in gendered dimensions within migration from Punjab with increasing participation of women as independent migrants in various temporary and economic classes of immigration to Canada. Such transformations also indicate women’s enhanced capabilities and improved status socially and support within their families to pursue international education opportunities to Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.024 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".