La Galleria di ‘Uomini illustri’ di José Nicolás de Azara tra antiquaria e archeologia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The most significant aspect of the collection of José Nicolás de Azara, Spanish ambassador in Rome during the last quarter of the XVIIIth century, was the assemblage of Greek and Roman portraits. It counted around eighty portraits now preserved in the Museo del Prado in Madrid and in the Casa del Labrador in Aranjuez. \nThe present paper analyses the important role José Nicolás de Azara’s collection played in the afterlife of ancient portraiture. Furthermore, it points out the relationship with E.Q. Visconti’s icononographical studies. \nSeveral portraits in the collection were anonymous and they were identified partly in comparison with kindred pieces and the most recent discoveries, partly on likeness with coins or gems, partly on descriptions of classical authors, partly on a long tradition of scholarship. \nThe portraits also passed through restorers’ workshops. Some remarks reveal a close association with the practices employed by Bartolomeo Cavaceppi as well as by his pupil Carlo Albacini. \nIn the second part we focus on the fifteen portrait heads found at Tivoli in the so-called villa of Pisoni. They belonged to a herm Gallery of illustrious men of the past (orators, poets, philosophers, Greek kings, statesmen, men of action, etc.). Despite only Alessandro Magno’s head retaining the inscribed herm, we can assert, thanks to the sixteenth century antiquarian sources, that the other heads were also inscribed. \nThese portraits do not all date back to the same period (between the late first century AD and the mid second century AD) and do not conform to the chronology of the villa remains (between the second century BC and the mid first century AD). Therefore, the situation presents the following possibilities: a) the herm gallery was set up in different times or b) the herm gallery was assembled using portraits already carved and new pieces. \nThe portraits’ setting evokes an ideal of paideia which was appreciated and practised by the Roman élite and our study argues for an Hadrianic- Antonine influence for their display.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".