Method to determine the dynamic thermal resistance of compressed air foam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Compressed air foams have been developed in recent years for a number of uses, including fire suppression and dynamic insulation for transparent or translucent enclosures. In its thermal insulation role, the product has been developed to be deployed at night and removed during the daytime, to maximize the use of daylight for greenhouse applications while potentially reducing heat loss at night. Standard test methods for the thermal resistance of products are currently based on the assumption that the thermal resistance of the material is constant over the duration of the test - an assumption that cannot be made with compressed air foams. A manufacturer of such foams approached the Institute for Research in Construction (IRC) to develop a technique to evaluate the dynamic thermal resistance of foams that are intended to be deployed on a temporary basis over a fraction of a day. As a result, IRC entered into an experimental program to develop an appropriate method for determining the thermal resistance of dynamic foam insulation under controlled laboratory conditions. This was done by building a special wall specimen to house the foam insulation, making provisions for foaming of the wall specimen during the test, deploying instrumentation in such a way as to capture the dynamic behaviour of the foam, while shedding some understanding of the spatial variations in the delivered foam insulation. The resulting method is an adaptation of a standard ASTM test method for Guarded Hot Box testing, modified to derive a time-integrated thermal resistance over a specified test period. This project resulted in the development of a test protocol to determine the apparent thermal resistance of dynamic foam material. In addition to applying the technique to the manufacturer's proprietary foams, the method was applied to proprietary compressed air foam developed by IRC for other purposes, to assess the dynamic thermal properties of that foam. The results of the latter are reported in this paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".