The lived experiences of women with vision impairment seeking employment in Kumasi, Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The issue of employment is critical to the survival of every human being. However, the employment of women with vision impairment and their integration into the formal sector of the labour market is low. This is especially true in Ghana where policies such as the Ghana Disability Act 715, which was passed in 2006 and meant to target the removal of barriers in the socioeconomic participation of persons with disabilities has produced no significant results. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experiences of women with vision impairment seeking employment by focusing on their lived experiences and the barriers they face when seeking employment. By using interpretive description, ten purposefully selected women with vision impairment in Kumasi, Ghana shared their experiences through semi-structured interviews. By employing thematic analysis, data obtained was coded and categorized to identify themes. Four themes were developed using thematic analysis: 1) Treated like we are not human, 2) Limited opportunities and support for workforce participation, 3) Expected to fulfill gender roles and 4) Valued social supports. At the end of the study, it was found that the Ghanaian culture exerted an enormous influence on society’s attitude towards the employment of women with vision impairment. Areas such as preparation, training and accommodation were identified as limiting factors in the employment participation of women with vision impairment in Ghana. Therefore, to mitigate these barriers there is the need for continuous public education on disability and the provision of incentives to organizations and establishments that employ women with vision impairment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".