Microencapsulated ferulic acid esterase active «Lactobacillus fermentum» for the reduction of inflammation and cholesterol in metabolic syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important public health concern of industrialized countries. MetS is a cluster of metabolic disturbances, including abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance and the presence of a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state. Currently, there is no successful therapeutic intervention for the prevention and treatment of this disorder. Chronic systemic inflammation and hypercholesterolemia are two important therapeutic targets of MetS. The goal of this work is to develop a novel microencapsulated ferulic acid-producing probiotic Lactobacillus formulation as a MetS biotherapeutic. Specifically, a number of selected probiotic strains were screened for their ferulic acid esterase activity to select the best probiotic producer of ferulic acid from ethyl ferulate, a natural substrate. Ferulic acid is a molecule with important therapeutic properties relevant to the development of a MetS biotherapeutic. Due to the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, we propose microencapsulation as a carrier capable of protecting the viability and activity of the probiotic cells. Hence, the best ferulic acid-producing L. fermentum was microencapsulated using alginate-polylysine-alginate microcapsules. The probiotic viability and activity in the microcapsules was significantly higher than that of non-microencapsulated probiotic cells following exposure to gastrointestinal conditions in an in vitro model, demonstrating its suitability for oral delivery. The probiotic L. fermentum formulation was shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, in vitro. Specifically, the probiotic reduced the secretion of macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines and provided protection of the intestinal epithelial integrity in a co-culture model of the epithelium. As well, the probiotic formulation demonstrated important cholesterol-lowering activity, by assimilating cholesterol and via inhibition of colon epithelium cholesterol uptake, determined in vitro. Results also demonstrate that L. fermentum, administered in animal models of MetS, significantly reduced a number of MetS-associated risk factors, including cholesterol, adiposity, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. This novel work indicates the potential of a ferulic acid-producing microencapsulated probiotic formulation as a biotherapeutic for MetS treatment and prevention. Further studies, including clinical investigations, are required to demonstrate the full potential of this probiotic biotherapeutic for the management of MetS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".